基于医院信息系统的乳腺癌临床特征及中西医用药特征分析

目的 解析真实世界中乳腺恶性肿瘤患者的人群特征、诊断特征、中西医用药特征，为乳腺癌的临床防治提供参考。方法 采集2002年2月至2015年5月全国60家三级甲等医 院信息系统（Hospital Information System，HIS）中，出院诊断为“乳腺癌”的患者用药信息，采用SAS9.3统计软件，对人口学信息、诊断信息、医嘱用药信息等进行描述性分析。结果 39798例乳腺癌患者，平均年龄（50.93者，平均年龄）岁；多以门诊入院，入院病情以“一般”为主;合并疾病主要为高血压，骨肿瘤，联用西药以抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、治疗并发症、缓解放化疗不良反应为主；中医辨证以痰瘀互结证，气阴两虚证，肝气淤滞证，脾气亏虚证型最为常见，临床清热解毒剂、益气扶正剂，活血化瘀剂应用较多。结论 乳腺癌中西医结合治疗，联用药物广泛，临床治疗基本符合临床指南。     

以坐骨神经痛为首发症状的腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤1例报告

<正>主动脉夹层动脉瘤很少单独累及腹主动脉,孤立性腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤十分少见,临床表现缺乏特异性,早期易误诊。绝大多数患者表现为夹层相关症状,包括腹痛,内脏缺血,肾衰,截瘫,下肢缺血,休克等,其中腹痛为最常见表现。以坐骨神经痛为首发症状的腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤尚未见报道,现报道1例以坐骨神经痛为首发症状的病例如下。     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

小叶黑柴胡中柴胡皂苷的闪式提取工艺的研究

目的 研究闪式提取法中小叶黑柴胡地下部分有效成分提取工艺。方法 采用L₉(3⁴)正交试验法优选最佳提取条件，采用超高效液相法测定柴胡皂苷。结果 各因素影响程度分别是提取次数＞溶剂倍数＞提取时间，最佳提取工艺是30倍量溶剂提取3次，每次2 min。结论 闪式提取法是一种高效、快速提取小叶黑柴胡中柴胡皂苷的方法。     

甘草酸类药物治疗自身免疫性肝炎疗效分析

探讨甘草酸类药物治疗自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）的疗效.应用甘草酸单胺组、甘草酸二胺组和复方甘草甜素组治疗79例AIH患者,并与糖皮质激素治疗AIH 21例患者作比较,观察其肝功能的变化,评价其疗效.3组甘草酸类药物治疗AIH可明显降低ALT,AST,TBil,DBil水平,分别获得78.2%、81.6%和82.7%的完全应答率,与激素治疗组的完全应答率（83.3%）比较,差异无显著性（P＞0.05）;两类药物治疗Ⅰ、Ⅲ型AIH的疗效高于Ⅱ型AIH.甘草酸类药物治疗AIH可获得与激素相同的近期疗效,但其长期疗效尚待进一步评价.     

Effects of seawater immersion combined with open abdominal injury on the expression of NF-κB,and IκBαof small intestine in rats

Objective To observe effects of seawater immersion combined with open abdominal injury on the expression of NF-κB,and IκBαas well as the change pattern in rats. Methods Ninety-one Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (n =7), the open abdominal injury group(n =42) and open abdominal injury combined with 1-hour seawater immersion group ( n =42). The expression of NF-κB,andIκBαin small intestine tissues was measured by Western blot and statistical analyses were also made in the study. Results The expression of NF-κB,in the seawater immersion combined with open abdominal injury group increased significantly 3 hours after injury, when compared with that of the open abdominal injury group(P<0. 05), whereas the expression of NF-κB, of the pure injury group was slightly lower than that of the control group, but no statistical differences could be seen between them(P>0.05). The change pattern in the expression of IκBαwas quite the opposite to that of NF-κB. Conclusions NF-κB seemed to be rapidly and persistently involved in the whole inflammatory response to trauma induced by opened abdominal injury and seawater immersion, when a comparison was made with the pure open abdominal injury group. Injuries for the rats in the open abdominal injury combined with seawater immersion group were serious, and the feedback mechanism for NF-κB was not established for quite a long time.     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

前交叉韧带保残重建术中保残策略病例对照研究

目的：比较前交叉韧带保残重建与非保残重建、保留残端重建与保留残根重建的临床疗效。方法：自2014年3月至2017年12月采用自体腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带断裂患者204例,根据前交叉韧带重建方式不同分为保留残端重建组（A组）、保留残根重建组（B组）和清理残端残根的非保残重建组（C组）。A组76例,男37例,女39例,年龄16~43（28.80±5.41）岁,受伤至手术时间2~11（3.68±1.04）周,采用保留残端前交叉韧带重建术。B组64例,男39例,女25例,年龄18~41（28.42±5.60）岁,受伤至手术时间2~10（3.36±1.68）周,采用保留残根前交叉韧带重建术。C组64例,男37例,女27例,年龄18~43（29.10±6.11）岁,受伤至手术时间3~11（3.54±1.46）周,采用清理残端残根的非保残重建术。术前、术后24个月采用膝关节活动度（range of motion,ROM）观察膝关节屈伸活动范围。术前及术后6、12、24个月采用Lysholm评分和国际膝关节文献委员会（International Knee Documentation Committee,IKDC）评分评估膝关节功能。结果：所有患者术后伤口Ⅰ期愈合,无血管、神经损伤及关节感染等并发症发生。所有患者获随访,A组随访24.00~45.96（35.52±14.40）个月,B组27.96~48.00（37.56±10.68）个月,C组24.00~66.00（37.08±13.44）个月,3组随访时间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后6个月,A组Lysholm评分（82.52±5.24）分,IKDC评分（79.92±3.44）分,高于B组的（80.74±3.14）分和（78.21±4.63）分,且高于C组的（79.22±3.63）分和（76.63±3.80）分（P<0.05）;术后12个月,A组Lysholm评分（89.84±5.13）分,IKDC评分（87.90±3.93）分,高于B组的（85.74±6.04）分和（83.62±5.64）,且高于C组的（82.83±3.43）分和（79.21±4.04）分（P<0.05）。结论：前交叉韧带保残重建术与非保残重建术相比保留了前交叉韧带残端组织,有利于促进肌腱移植物愈合和重塑,加速关节功能恢复。保残重建术中妥善固定残端组织,恢复其张力,是影响术后疗效的关键因素。     

模拟器训练在实施股动脉穿刺点ExoSealTM封堵止血系统操作的多中心对照研究

背景与目的：介入手术已成为血管外科的主要治疗手段,对于手术直接相关的股动脉穿刺点封堵处理是手术操作收尾的一个重要环节。鉴于国内外目前尚缺乏关于封堵止血系统模拟器训练应用效果的高级别证据,本研究旨在评估模拟器训练在实施股动脉穿刺点ExoSealTM封堵止血系统操作的临床应用效果以及在血管介入操作基础教学培训中的应用价值。 方法：采用前瞻性对照设计,选择2020年5月—2020年10月7个中心的8名血管介入医师分别用两种不同方式进行封堵操作培训。4名血管介入医师通过阅读ExoSealTM说明书和观看视频进行培训（对照组）,另4名血管介入医师的培训方式为在前者基础上增加专业人员指导下的模拟器使用（研究组）。培训结束后,在主诊医师监管下,每名医师对接受血管介入手术,并在股总动脉使用6 F鞘管的患者,采用ExoSealTM封堵止血系统对穿刺点进行封堵。两组医师各操作50例患者,比较两组的操作时间、出血量、器械成功率、股动脉栓塞发生率、二次干预率、24 h内发生血肿率。 结果：研究组在ExoSealTM封堵止血系统操作中,所需的操作时间和出血量均少于对照组（24.50 s vs. 30.00 s,P=0.003;8.60 mL vs. 11.22 mL,P=0.019）。研究组的器械成功率（98.0%）高于对照组（96.0%）,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.558）。两组均无动脉栓塞、二次干预和24 h内发生血肿情况。 结论：ExoSealTM封堵止血系统模拟器的训练能够提高股动脉封堵的安全性和有效性。该模拟器的训练应常规用于血管介入操作的基础教学培训中。